An IUD is an effective birth control option, but not without its risks

While an Intrauterine Device is ideal to prevent pregnancy, one must know of its potential side-effects too. We put together a handy guide

When it comes to birth control, convenience is everything—especially for Gen Z and millennials who are juggling work, relationships, and an ever-growing social calendar.  Enter: the intrauterine device (IUD), a long-lasting, low-maintenance method of contraception that’s been gaining popularity. But while the convenience factor is undeniable, how much do we really know about the risks it entails? 

What is an Intrauterine Device (IUD)?

First things first, what exactly is an IUD? An intrauterine device is a small, T-shaped piece made out of plastic or copper that's inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It can last anywhere from three to 10 years, depending on the type.

There are two main types of IUDs: hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs. Hormonal IUDs release a small amount of progestin, which thickens the cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for the sperm to travel to the egg. Copper IUDs, on the other hand, don’t rely on hormones. They create an environment toxic for sperm, thereby preventing fertilisation, without upsetting your hormone levels.

How to Use an Intrauterine Device?

It might sound simple enough, but the process of using an IUD is a bit more involved. You can’t just pop into a pharmacy and pick up one like you would do with condoms. An IUD has to be inserted by a healthcare professional, and the process—while quick—can cause discomfort or cramping for some people. During the consultation, your provider might even show you an intrauterine device diagram to explain how the device will sit in your uterus. Once in place, you’re good to go for years with very little upkeep. No daily pill, no worrying about forgetting to pack contraception for your next trip.

The Advantages of an Intrauterine Devices

One of the biggest perks of the IUD is that it’s comparatively uncomplicated. Unlike birth control pills, patches or injections that require regular attention, an IUD can go the distance, offering 99 per cent effectiveness with minimal effort on your part. Plus, it’s long-lasting—hormonal IUDs last up to seven years, and copper ones can keep working for a decade. That’s a serious commitment.

But what about the risks?

As with any form of birth control, there are certain risks involved. So let’s talk about the side- effects. 

Cramping and pain: Especially right after insertion, cramping and discomfort are common. While these side-effects often fade away, for some individuals, they persist and can be disruptive. 

Expulsion: In rare cases, the IUD can get displaced or even expelled from the uterus, reducing its efficacy. This is more likely to happen among individuals with heavy periods or who have never been pregnant. 

Perforation: A less common but serious risk is perforation, where the IUD punctures the uterine wall during insertion. This could require surgery to fix and remove the device. 

Hormonal side-effects: For those using hormonal IUDs, there could be concerns such as mood swings, acne or headaches, although they usually subside after a few months. 

Ectopic pregnancy: While extremely rare, if you do get pregnant with an IUD, the risk of an ectopic pregnancy—where the embryo implants outside the uterus—increases, which can be dangerous.

Is it right for you? 

In the end, whether or not an IUD is the right birth control method depends on your needs and preferences. If you’re someone who’s looking for hormone-free option, a copper IUD might be a suitable option. If you want to regulate your periods or reduce cramping, a hormonal IUD could work for you better. Either way, having a conversation with your healthcare provider is key—they’ll likely show you an intrauterine device image or even walk you through the advantages of intrauterine devices to help you make an informed decision.

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